2 // This file is part of Moodle - http://moodle.org/
4 // Moodle is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
5 // it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6 // the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
7 // (at your option) any later version.
9 // Moodle is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10 // but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11 // MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
12 // GNU General Public License for more details.
14 // You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15 // along with Moodle. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
20 * This file is part of Moodle's cache API, affectionately called MUC.
21 * It contains the components that are requried in order to use caching.
25 * @copyright 2012 Sam Hemelryk
26 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
29 defined('MOODLE_INTERNAL') || die();
32 * The cache helper class.
34 * The cache helper class provides common functionality to the cache API and is useful to developers within to interact with
35 * the cache API in a general way.
39 * @copyright 2012 Sam Hemelryk
40 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
45 * Statistics gathered by the cache API during its operation will be used here.
49 protected static $stats = array();
52 * The instance of the cache helper.
55 protected static $instance;
58 * The site identifier used by the cache.
59 * Set the first time get_site_identifier is called.
62 protected static $siteidentifier = null;
65 * Returns true if the cache API can be initialised before Moodle has finished initialising itself.
67 * This check is essential when trying to cache the likes of configuration information. It checks to make sure that the cache
68 * configuration file has been created which allows use to set up caching when ever is required.
72 public static function ready_for_early_init() {
73 return cache_config::config_file_exists();
77 * Returns an instance of the cache_helper.
79 * This is designed for internal use only and acts as a static store.
80 * @staticvar null $instance
81 * @return cache_helper
83 protected static function instance() {
84 if (is_null(self::$instance)) {
85 self::$instance = new cache_helper();
87 return self::$instance;
91 * Constructs an instance of the cache_helper class. Again for internal use only.
93 protected function __construct() {
94 // Nothing to do here, just making sure you can't get an instance of this.
98 * Used as a data store for initialised definitions.
101 protected $definitions = array();
104 * Used as a data store for initialised cache stores
105 * We use this because we want to avoid establishing multiple instances of a single store.
108 protected $stores = array();
111 * Returns the class for use as a cache loader for the given mode.
113 * @param int $mode One of cache_store::MODE_
115 * @throws coding_exception
117 public static function get_class_for_mode($mode) {
119 case cache_store::MODE_APPLICATION :
120 return 'cache_application';
121 case cache_store::MODE_REQUEST :
122 return 'cache_request';
123 case cache_store::MODE_SESSION :
124 return 'cache_session';
126 throw new coding_exception('Unknown cache mode passed. Must be one of cache_store::MODE_*');
130 * Returns the cache stores to be used with the given definition.
131 * @param cache_definition $definition
134 public static function get_cache_stores(cache_definition $definition) {
135 $instance = cache_config::instance();
136 $stores = $instance->get_stores_for_definition($definition);
137 $stores = self::initialise_cachestore_instances($stores, $definition);
142 * Internal function for initialising an array of stores against a given cache definition.
144 * @param array $stores
145 * @param cache_definition $definition
148 protected static function initialise_cachestore_instances(array $stores, cache_definition $definition) {
150 $factory = cache_factory::instance();
151 foreach ($stores as $name => $details) {
152 $store = $factory->create_store_from_config($name, $details, $definition);
153 if ($store !== false) {
161 * Returns a cache_lock instance suitable for use with the store.
163 * @param cache_store $store
164 * @return cache_lock_interface
166 public static function get_cachelock_for_store(cache_store $store) {
167 $instance = cache_config::instance();
168 $lockconf = $instance->get_lock_for_store($store->my_name());
169 $factory = cache_factory::instance();
170 return $factory->create_lock_instance($lockconf);
174 * Returns an array of plugins without using core methods.
176 * This function explicitly does NOT use core functions as it will in some circumstances be called before Moodle has
177 * finished initialising. This happens when loading configuration for instance.
181 public static function early_get_cache_plugins() {
184 $ignored = array('CVS', '_vti_cnf', 'simpletest', 'db', 'yui', 'tests');
185 $fulldir = $CFG->dirroot.'/cache/stores';
186 $items = new DirectoryIterator($fulldir);
187 foreach ($items as $item) {
188 if ($item->isDot() or !$item->isDir()) {
191 $pluginname = $item->getFilename();
192 if (in_array($pluginname, $ignored)) {
195 if (!is_valid_plugin_name($pluginname)) {
196 // Better ignore plugins with problematic names here.
199 $result[$pluginname] = $fulldir.'/'.$pluginname;
207 * Invalidates a given set of keys from a given definition.
209 * @todo Invalidating by definition should also add to the event cache so that sessions can be invalidated (when required).
211 * @param string $component
212 * @param string $area
213 * @param array $identifiers
217 public static function invalidate_by_definition($component, $area, array $identifiers = array(), $keys = array()) {
218 $cache = cache::make($component, $area, $identifiers);
219 if (is_array($keys)) {
220 $cache->delete_many($keys);
221 } else if (is_scalar($keys)) {
222 $cache->delete($keys);
224 throw new coding_exception('cache_helper::invalidate_by_definition only accepts $keys as array, or scalar.');
230 * Invalidates a given set of keys by means of an event.
232 * @todo add support for identifiers to be supplied and utilised.
234 * @param string $event
237 public static function invalidate_by_event($event, array $keys) {
238 $instance = cache_config::instance();
239 $invalidationeventset = false;
240 $factory = cache_factory::instance();
241 $inuse = $factory->get_caches_in_use();
242 foreach ($instance->get_definitions() as $name => $definitionarr) {
243 $definition = cache_definition::load($name, $definitionarr);
244 if ($definition->invalidates_on_event($event)) {
245 // First up check if there is a cache loader for this definition already.
246 // If there is we need to invalidate the keys from there.
247 $definitionkey = $definition->get_component().'/'.$definition->get_area();
248 if (isset($inuse[$definitionkey])) {
249 $inuse[$definitionkey]->delete_many($keys);
252 // We should only log events for application and session caches.
253 // Request caches shouldn't have events as all data is lost at the end of the request.
254 // Events should only be logged once of course and likely several definitions are watching so we
255 // track its logging with $invalidationeventset.
256 $logevent = ($invalidationeventset === false && $definition->get_mode() !== cache_store::MODE_REQUEST);
259 // Get the event invalidation cache.
260 $cache = cache::make('core', 'eventinvalidation');
261 // Get any existing invalidated keys for this cache.
262 $data = $cache->get($event);
263 if ($data === false) {
267 // Add our keys to them with the current cache timestamp.
268 foreach ($keys as $key) {
269 $data[$key] = cache::now();
271 // Set that data back to the cache.
272 $cache->set($event, $data);
273 // This only needs to occur once.
274 $invalidationeventset = true;
281 * Purges the cache for a specific definition.
283 * If you need to purge a definition that requires identifiers or an aggregate and you don't
284 * know the details of those please use cache_helper::purge_stores_used_by_definition instead.
285 * It is a more aggressive purge and will purge all data within the store, not just the data
286 * belonging to the given definition.
288 * @todo MDL-36660: Change the signature: $aggregate must be added.
290 * @param string $component
291 * @param string $area
292 * @param array $identifiers
295 public static function purge_by_definition($component, $area, array $identifiers = array()) {
297 $cache = cache::make($component, $area, $identifiers);
298 // Initialise, in case of a store.
299 if ($cache instanceof cache_store) {
300 $factory = cache_factory::instance();
301 // TODO MDL-36660: Providing $aggregate is required for purging purposes: $definition->get_id()
302 $definition = $factory->create_definition($component, $area, null);
303 $definition->set_identifiers($identifiers);
304 $cache->initialise($definition);
306 // Purge baby, purge.
312 * Purges a cache of all information on a given event.
314 * @param string $event
316 public static function purge_by_event($event) {
317 $instance = cache_config::instance();
318 $invalidationeventset = false;
319 $factory = cache_factory::instance();
320 $inuse = $factory->get_caches_in_use();
321 foreach ($instance->get_definitions() as $name => $definitionarr) {
322 $definition = cache_definition::load($name, $definitionarr);
323 if ($definition->invalidates_on_event($event)) {
324 // First up check if there is a cache loader for this definition already.
325 // If there is we need to invalidate the keys from there.
326 $definitionkey = $definition->get_component().'/'.$definition->get_area();
327 if (isset($inuse[$definitionkey])) {
328 $inuse[$definitionkey]->purge();
331 // We should only log events for application and session caches.
332 // Request caches shouldn't have events as all data is lost at the end of the request.
333 // Events should only be logged once of course and likely several definitions are watching so we
334 // track its logging with $invalidationeventset.
335 $logevent = ($invalidationeventset === false && $definition->get_mode() !== cache_store::MODE_REQUEST);
337 // We need to flag the event in the "Event invalidation" cache if it hasn't already happened.
338 if ($logevent && $invalidationeventset === false) {
339 // Get the event invalidation cache.
340 $cache = cache::make('core', 'eventinvalidation');
341 // Create a key to invalidate all.
343 'purged' => cache::now()
345 // Set that data back to the cache.
346 $cache->set($event, $data);
347 // This only needs to occur once.
348 $invalidationeventset = true;
355 * Ensure that the stats array is ready to collect information for the given store and definition.
356 * @param string $store
357 * @param string $definition
359 protected static function ensure_ready_for_stats($store, $definition) {
360 // This function is performance-sensitive, so exit as quickly as possible
361 // if we do not need to do anything.
362 if (isset(self::$stats[$definition][$store])) {
365 if (!array_key_exists($definition, self::$stats)) {
366 self::$stats[$definition] = array(
373 } else if (!array_key_exists($store, self::$stats[$definition])) {
374 self::$stats[$definition][$store] = array(
383 * Record a cache hit in the stats for the given store and definition.
385 * @param string $store
386 * @param string $definition
388 public static function record_cache_hit($store, $definition) {
389 self::ensure_ready_for_stats($store, $definition);
390 self::$stats[$definition][$store]['hits']++;
394 * Record a cache miss in the stats for the given store and definition.
396 * @param string $store
397 * @param string $definition
399 public static function record_cache_miss($store, $definition) {
400 self::ensure_ready_for_stats($store, $definition);
401 self::$stats[$definition][$store]['misses']++;
405 * Record a cache set in the stats for the given store and definition.
407 * @param string $store
408 * @param string $definition
410 public static function record_cache_set($store, $definition) {
411 self::ensure_ready_for_stats($store, $definition);
412 self::$stats[$definition][$store]['sets']++;
416 * Return the stats collected so far.
419 public static function get_stats() {
424 * Purge all of the cache stores of all of their data.
426 * Think twice before calling this method. It will purge **ALL** caches regardless of whether they have been used recently or
427 * anything. This will involve full setup of the cache + the purge operation. On a site using caching heavily this WILL be
430 * @param bool $usewriter If set to true the cache_config_writer class is used. This class is special as it avoids
431 * it is still usable when caches have been disabled.
432 * Please use this option only if you really must. It's purpose is to allow the cache to be purged when it would be
433 * otherwise impossible.
435 public static function purge_all($usewriter = false) {
436 $factory = cache_factory::instance();
437 $config = $factory->create_config_instance($usewriter);
438 foreach ($config->get_all_stores() as $store) {
439 self::purge_store($store['name'], $config);
444 * Purges a store given its name.
446 * @param string $storename
447 * @param cache_config $config
450 public static function purge_store($storename, cache_config $config = null) {
451 if ($config === null) {
452 $config = cache_config::instance();
455 $stores = $config->get_all_stores();
456 if (!array_key_exists($storename, $stores)) {
457 // The store does not exist.
461 $store = $stores[$storename];
462 $class = $store['class'];
464 // Found the store: is it ready?
465 $instance = new $class($store['name'], $store['configuration']);
466 if (!$instance->is_ready()) {
471 foreach ($config->get_definitions_by_store($storename) as $id => $definition) {
472 $definition = cache_definition::load($id, $definition);
473 $definitioninstance = clone($instance);
474 $definitioninstance->initialise($definition);
475 $definitioninstance->purge();
476 unset($definitioninstance);
483 * Purges all of the stores used by a definition.
485 * Unlike cache_helper::purge_by_definition this purges all of the data from the stores not
486 * just the data relating to the definition.
487 * This function is useful when you must purge a definition that requires setup but you don't
490 * @param string $component
491 * @param string $area
493 public static function purge_stores_used_by_definition($component, $area) {
494 $factory = cache_factory::instance();
495 $config = $factory->create_config_instance();
496 $definition = $factory->create_definition($component, $area);
497 $stores = $config->get_stores_for_definition($definition);
498 foreach ($stores as $store) {
499 self::purge_store($store['name']);
504 * Returns the translated name of the definition.
506 * @param cache_definition $definition
507 * @return lang_string
509 public static function get_definition_name($definition) {
510 if ($definition instanceof cache_definition) {
511 return $definition->get_name();
513 $identifier = 'cachedef_'.clean_param($definition['area'], PARAM_STRINGID);
514 $component = $definition['component'];
515 if ($component === 'core') {
516 $component = 'cache';
518 return new lang_string($identifier, $component);
522 * Hashes a descriptive key to make it shorter and still unique.
523 * @param string|int $key
524 * @param cache_definition $definition
527 public static function hash_key($key, cache_definition $definition) {
528 if ($definition->uses_simple_keys()) {
529 if (debugging() && preg_match('#[^a-zA-Z0-9_]#', $key)) {
530 throw new coding_exception('Cache definition '.$definition->get_id().' requires simple keys. Invalid key provided.', $key);
532 // We put the key first so that we can be sure the start of the key changes.
533 return (string)$key . '-' . $definition->generate_single_key_prefix();
535 $key = $definition->generate_single_key_prefix() . '-' . $key;
540 * Finds all definitions and updates them within the cache config file.
542 * @param bool $coreonly If set to true only core definitions will be updated.
544 public static function update_definitions($coreonly = false) {
547 require_once($CFG->dirroot.'/cache/locallib.php');
548 // First update definitions
549 cache_config_writer::update_definitions($coreonly);
550 // Second reset anything we have already initialised to ensure we're all up to date.
551 cache_factory::reset();
555 * Update the site identifier stored by the cache API.
557 * @param string $siteidentifier
558 * @return string The new site identifier.
560 public static function update_site_identifier($siteidentifier) {
563 require_once($CFG->dirroot.'/cache/locallib.php');
564 $factory = cache_factory::instance();
565 $factory->updating_started();
566 $config = $factory->create_config_instance(true);
567 $siteidentifier = $config->update_site_identifier($siteidentifier);
568 $factory->updating_finished();
569 cache_factory::reset();
570 return $siteidentifier;
574 * Returns the site identifier.
578 public static function get_site_identifier() {
580 if (!is_null(self::$siteidentifier)) {
581 return self::$siteidentifier;
583 // If site identifier hasn't been collected yet attempt to get it from the cache config.
584 $factory = cache_factory::instance();
585 // If the factory is initialising then we don't want to try to get it from the config or we risk
586 // causing the cache to enter an infinite initialisation loop.
587 if (!$factory->is_initialising()) {
588 $config = $factory->create_config_instance();
589 self::$siteidentifier = $config->get_site_identifier();
591 if (is_null(self::$siteidentifier)) {
592 // If the site identifier is still null then config isn't aware of it yet.
593 // We'll see if the CFG is loaded, and if not we will just use unknown.
594 // It's very important here that we don't use get_config. We don't want an endless cache loop!
595 if (!empty($CFG->siteidentifier)) {
596 self::$siteidentifier = self::update_site_identifier($CFG->siteidentifier);
598 // It's not being recorded in MUC's config and the config data hasn't been loaded yet.
599 // Likely we are initialising.
603 return self::$siteidentifier;
607 * Returns the site version.
611 public static function get_site_version() {
613 return (string)$CFG->version;
617 * Runs cron routines for MUC.
619 public static function cron() {
620 self::clean_old_session_data(true);
624 * Cleans old session data from cache stores used for session based definitions.
626 * @param bool $output If set to true output will be given.
628 public static function clean_old_session_data($output = false) {
631 mtrace('Cleaning up stale session data from cache stores.');
633 $factory = cache_factory::instance();
634 $config = $factory->create_config_instance();
635 $definitions = $config->get_definitions();
636 $purgetime = time() - $CFG->sessiontimeout;
637 foreach ($definitions as $definitionarray) {
638 // We are only interested in session caches.
639 if (!($definitionarray['mode'] & cache_store::MODE_SESSION)) {
642 $definition = $factory->create_definition($definitionarray['component'], $definitionarray['area']);
643 $stores = $config->get_stores_for_definition($definition);
644 // Turn them into store instances.
645 $stores = self::initialise_cachestore_instances($stores, $definition);
646 // Initialise all of the stores used for that definition.
647 foreach ($stores as $store) {
648 // If the store doesn't support searching we can skip it.
649 if (!($store instanceof cache_is_searchable)) {
650 debugging('Cache stores used for session definitions should ideally be searchable.', DEBUG_DEVELOPER);
653 // Get all of the keys.
654 $keys = $store->find_by_prefix(cache_session::KEY_PREFIX);
656 foreach ($store->get_many($keys) as $key => $value) {
657 if (strpos($key, cache_session::KEY_PREFIX) !== 0 || !is_array($value) || !isset($value['lastaccess'])) {
660 if ((int)$value['lastaccess'] < $purgetime || true) {
664 if (count($todelete)) {
665 $outcome = (int)$store->delete_many($todelete);
667 $strdef = s($definition->get_id());
668 $strstore = s($store->my_name());
669 mtrace("- Removed {$outcome} old {$strdef} sessions from the '{$strstore}' cache store.");