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18 * This file defines the class {@link question_definition} and its subclasses.
20 * The type hierarchy is quite complex. Here is a summary:
21 * - question_definition
22 * - question_information_item
23 * - question_with_responses implements question_manually_gradable
24 * - question_graded_automatically implements question_automatically_gradable
25 * - question_graded_automatically_with_countback implements question_automatically_gradable_with_countback
26 * - question_graded_by_strategy
29 * - question_classified_response
32 * - question_hint_with_parts
33 * - question_first_matching_answer_grading_strategy implements question_grading_strategy
36 * - question_response_answer_comparer
39 * @subpackage questiontypes
40 * @copyright 2009 The Open University
41 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
45 defined('MOODLE_INTERNAL') || die();
49 * The definition of a question of a particular type.
51 * This class is a close match to the question table in the database.
52 * Definitions of question of a particular type normally subclass one of the
53 * more specific classes {@link question_with_responses},
54 * {@link question_graded_automatically} or {@link question_information_item}.
56 * @copyright 2009 The Open University
57 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
59 abstract class question_definition {
60 /** @var integer id of the question in the datase, or null if this question
61 * is not in the database. */
64 /** @var integer question category id. */
67 /** @var integer question context id. */
70 /** @var integer parent question id. */
73 /** @var question_type the question type this question is. */
76 /** @var string question name. */
79 /** @var string question text. */
82 /** @var integer question test format. */
83 public $questiontextformat;
85 /** @var string question general feedback. */
86 public $generalfeedback;
88 /** @var integer question test format. */
89 public $generalfeedbackformat;
91 /** @var number what this quetsion is marked out of, by default. */
92 public $defaultmark = 1;
94 /** @var integer How many question numbers this question consumes. */
97 /** @var number penalty factor of this question. */
100 /** @var string unique identifier of this question. */
103 /** @var string unique identifier of this version of this question. */
106 /** @var boolean whethre this question has been deleted/hidden in the question bank. */
109 /** @var integer timestamp when this question was created. */
112 /** @var integer timestamp when this question was modified. */
113 public $timemodified;
115 /** @var integer userid of the use who created this question. */
118 /** @var integer userid of the use who modified this question. */
121 /** @var array of question_hints. */
122 public $hints = array();
125 * Constructor. Normally to get a question, you call
126 * {@link question_bank::load_question()}, but questions can be created
127 * directly, for example in unit test code.
128 * @return unknown_type
130 public function __construct() {
134 * @return the name of the question type (for example multichoice) that this
137 public function get_type_name() {
138 return $this->qtype->name();
142 * Creat the appropriate behaviour for an attempt at this quetsion,
143 * given the desired (archetypal) behaviour.
145 * This default implementation will suit most normal graded questions.
147 * If your question is of a patricular type, then it may need to do something
148 * different. For example, if your question can only be graded manually, then
149 * it should probably return a manualgraded behaviour, irrespective of
152 * If your question wants to do somthing especially complicated is some situations,
153 * then you may wish to return a particular behaviour related to the
154 * one asked for. For example, you migth want to return a
155 * qbehaviour_interactive_adapted_for_myqtype.
157 * @param question_attempt $qa the attempt we are creating a behaviour for.
158 * @param string $preferredbehaviour the requested type of behaviour.
159 * @return question_behaviour the new behaviour object.
161 public function make_behaviour(question_attempt $qa, $preferredbehaviour) {
162 return question_engine::make_archetypal_behaviour($preferredbehaviour, $qa);
166 * Start a new attempt at this question, storing any information that will
167 * be needed later in the step.
169 * This is where the question can do any initialisation required on a
170 * per-attempt basis. For example, this is where the multiple choice
171 * question type randomly shuffles the choices (if that option is set).
173 * Any information about how the question has been set up for this attempt
174 * should be stored in the $step, by calling $step->set_qt_var(...).
176 * @param question_attempt_step The first step of the {@link question_attempt}
177 * being started. Can be used to store state.
178 * @param int $varant which variant of this question to start. Will be between
179 * 1 and {@link get_num_variants()} inclusive.
181 public function start_attempt(question_attempt_step $step, $variant) {
185 * When an in-progress {@link question_attempt} is re-loaded from the
186 * database, this method is called so that the question can re-initialise
187 * its internal state as needed by this attempt.
189 * For example, the multiple choice question type needs to set the order
190 * of the choices to the order that was set up when start_attempt was called
191 * originally. All the information required to do this should be in the
192 * $step object, which is the first step of the question_attempt being loaded.
194 * @param question_attempt_step The first step of the {@link question_attempt}
197 public function apply_attempt_state(question_attempt_step $step) {
201 * Generate a brief, plain-text, summary of this question. This is used by
202 * various reports. This should show the particular variant of the question
203 * as presented to students. For example, the calculated quetsion type would
204 * fill in the particular numbers that were presented to the student.
205 * This method will return null if such a summary is not possible, or
207 * @return string|null a plain text summary of this question.
209 public function get_question_summary() {
210 return $this->html_to_text($this->questiontext, $this->questiontextformat);
214 * @return int the number of vaiants that this question has.
216 public function get_num_variants() {
221 * @return string that can be used to seed the pseudo-random selection of a
224 public function get_variants_selection_seed() {
229 * Some questions can return a negative mark if the student gets it wrong.
231 * This method returns the lowest mark the question can return, on the
232 * fraction scale. that is, where the maximum possible mark is 1.0.
234 * @return float minimum fraction this question will ever return.
236 public function get_min_fraction() {
241 * Some questions can return a mark greater than the maximum.
243 * This method returns the lowest highest the question can return, on the
244 * fraction scale. that is, where the nominal maximum mark is 1.0.
246 * @return float maximum fraction this question will ever return.
248 public function get_max_fraction() {
253 * Given a response, rest the parts that are wrong.
254 * @param array $response a response
255 * @return array a cleaned up response with the wrong bits reset.
257 public function clear_wrong_from_response(array $response) {
262 * Return the number of subparts of this response that are right.
263 * @param array $response a response
264 * @return array with two elements, the number of correct subparts, and
265 * the total number of subparts.
267 public function get_num_parts_right(array $response) {
268 return array(null, null);
272 * @param moodle_page the page we are outputting to.
273 * @return qtype_renderer the renderer to use for outputting this question.
275 public function get_renderer(moodle_page $page) {
276 return $page->get_renderer($this->qtype->plugin_name());
280 * What data may be included in the form submission when a student submits
281 * this question in its current state?
283 * This information is used in calls to optional_param. The parameter name
284 * has {@link question_attempt::get_field_prefix()} automatically prepended.
286 * @return array|string variable name => PARAM_... constant, or, as a special case
287 * that should only be used in unavoidable, the constant question_attempt::USE_RAW_DATA
288 * meaning take all the raw submitted data belonging to this question.
290 public abstract function get_expected_data();
293 * What data would need to be submitted to get this question correct.
294 * If there is more than one correct answer, this method should just
295 * return one possibility. If it is not possible to compute a correct
296 * response, this method should return null.
298 * @return array|null parameter name => value.
300 public abstract function get_correct_response();
304 * Takes an array of values representing a student response represented in a way that is understandable by a human and
305 * transforms that to the response as the POST values returned from the HTML form that takes the student response during a
306 * student attempt. Primarily this is used when reading csv values from a file of student responses in order to be able to
307 * simulate the student interaction with a quiz.
309 * In most cases the array will just be returned as is. Some question types will need to transform the keys of the array,
310 * as the meaning of the keys in the html form is deliberately obfuscated so that someone looking at the html does not get an
311 * advantage. The values that represent the response might also be changed in order to more meaningful to a human.
313 * See the examples of question types that have overridden this in core and also see the csv files of simulated student
314 * responses used in unit tests in :
315 * - mod/quiz/tests/fixtures/stepsXX.csv
316 * - mod/quiz/report/responses/tests/fixtures/steps00.csv
317 * - mod/quiz/report/statistics/tests/fixtures/stepsXX.csv
319 * Also see {@link https://github.com/jamiepratt/moodle-quiz_simulate}, a quiz report plug in for uploading and downloading
320 * student responses as csv files.
322 * @param array $simulatedresponse an array of data representing a student response
323 * @return array a response array as would be returned from the html form (but without prefixes)
325 public function prepare_simulated_post_data($simulatedresponse) {
326 return $simulatedresponse;
330 * Does the opposite of {@link prepare_simulated_post_data}.
332 * This takes a student response (the POST values returned from the HTML form that takes the student response during a
333 * student attempt) it then represents it in a way that is understandable by a human.
335 * Primarily this is used when creating a file of csv from real student responses in order later to be able to
336 * simulate the same student interaction with a quiz later.
338 * @param string[] $realresponse the response array as was returned from the form during a student attempt (without prefixes).
339 * @return string[] an array of data representing a student response.
341 public function get_student_response_values_for_simulation($realresponse) {
342 return $realresponse;
346 * Apply {@link format_text()} to some content with appropriate settings for
349 * @param string $text some content that needs to be output.
350 * @param int $format the FORMAT_... constant.
351 * @param question_attempt $qa the question attempt.
352 * @param string $component used for rewriting file area URLs.
353 * @param string $filearea used for rewriting file area URLs.
354 * @param bool $clean Whether the HTML needs to be cleaned. Generally,
355 * parts of the question do not need to be cleaned, and student input does.
356 * @return string the text formatted for output by format_text.
358 public function format_text($text, $format, $qa, $component, $filearea, $itemid,
360 $formatoptions = new stdClass();
361 $formatoptions->noclean = !$clean;
362 $formatoptions->para = false;
363 $text = $qa->rewrite_pluginfile_urls($text, $component, $filearea, $itemid);
364 return format_text($text, $format, $formatoptions);
368 * Convert some part of the question text to plain text. This might be used,
369 * for example, by get_response_summary().
370 * @param string $text The HTML to reduce to plain text.
371 * @param int $format the FORMAT_... constant.
372 * @return string the equivalent plain text.
374 public function html_to_text($text, $format) {
375 return question_utils::to_plain_text($text, $format);
378 /** @return the result of applying {@link format_text()} to the question text. */
379 public function format_questiontext($qa) {
380 return $this->format_text($this->questiontext, $this->questiontextformat,
381 $qa, 'question', 'questiontext', $this->id);
384 /** @return the result of applying {@link format_text()} to the general feedback. */
385 public function format_generalfeedback($qa) {
386 return $this->format_text($this->generalfeedback, $this->generalfeedbackformat,
387 $qa, 'question', 'generalfeedback', $this->id);
391 * Take some HTML that should probably already be a single line, like a
392 * multiple choice choice, or the corresponding feedback, and make it so that
393 * it is suitable to go in a place where the HTML must be inline, like inside a <p> tag.
394 * @param string $html to HTML to fix up.
395 * @return string the fixed HTML.
397 public function make_html_inline($html) {
398 $html = preg_replace('~\s*<p>\s*~u', '', $html);
399 $html = preg_replace('~\s*</p>\s*~u', '<br />', $html);
400 $html = preg_replace('~(<br\s*/?>)+$~u', '', $html);
405 * Checks whether the users is allow to be served a particular file.
406 * @param question_attempt $qa the question attempt being displayed.
407 * @param question_display_options $options the options that control display of the question.
408 * @param string $component the name of the component we are serving files for.
409 * @param string $filearea the name of the file area.
410 * @param array $args the remaining bits of the file path.
411 * @param bool $forcedownload whether the user must be forced to download the file.
412 * @return bool true if the user can access this file.
414 public function check_file_access($qa, $options, $component, $filearea, $args, $forcedownload) {
415 if ($component == 'question' && $filearea == 'questiontext') {
416 // Question text always visible.
419 } else if ($component == 'question' && $filearea == 'generalfeedback') {
420 return $options->generalfeedback;
423 // Unrecognised component or filearea.
431 * This class represents a 'question' that actually does not allow the student
432 * to respond, like the description 'question' type.
434 * @copyright 2009 The Open University
435 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
437 class question_information_item extends question_definition {
438 public function __construct() {
439 parent::__construct();
440 $this->defaultmark = 0;
445 public function make_behaviour(question_attempt $qa, $preferredbehaviour) {
446 return question_engine::make_behaviour('informationitem', $qa, $preferredbehaviour);
449 public function get_expected_data() {
453 public function get_correct_response() {
457 public function get_question_summary() {
464 * Interface that a {@link question_definition} must implement to be usable by
465 * the manual graded behaviour.
467 * @copyright 2009 The Open University
468 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
470 interface question_manually_gradable {
472 * Used by many of the behaviours, to work out whether the student's
473 * response to the question is complete. That is, whether the question attempt
474 * should move to the COMPLETE or INCOMPLETE state.
476 * @param array $response responses, as returned by
477 * {@link question_attempt_step::get_qt_data()}.
478 * @return bool whether this response is a complete answer to this question.
480 public function is_complete_response(array $response);
483 * Use by many of the behaviours to determine whether the student's
484 * response has changed. This is normally used to determine that a new set
485 * of responses can safely be discarded.
487 * @param array $prevresponse the responses previously recorded for this question,
488 * as returned by {@link question_attempt_step::get_qt_data()}
489 * @param array $newresponse the new responses, in the same format.
490 * @return bool whether the two sets of responses are the same - that is
491 * whether the new set of responses can safely be discarded.
493 public function is_same_response(array $prevresponse, array $newresponse);
496 * Produce a plain text summary of a response.
497 * @param $response a response, as might be passed to {@link grade_response()}.
498 * @return string a plain text summary of that response, that could be used in reports.
500 public function summarise_response(array $response);
503 * Categorise the student's response according to the categories defined by
504 * get_possible_responses.
505 * @param $response a response, as might be passed to {@link grade_response()}.
506 * @return array subpartid => {@link question_classified_response} objects.
507 * returns an empty array if no analysis is possible.
509 public function classify_response(array $response);
514 * This class is used in the return value from
515 * {@link question_manually_gradable::classify_response()}.
517 * @copyright 2010 The Open University
518 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
520 class question_classified_response {
522 * @var string the classification of this response the student gave to this
523 * part of the question. Must match one of the responseclasses returned by
524 * {@link question_type::get_possible_responses()}.
526 public $responseclassid;
527 /** @var string the actual response the student gave to this part. */
529 /** @var number the fraction this part of the response earned. */
532 * Constructor, just an easy way to set the fields.
533 * @param string $responseclassid see the field descriptions above.
534 * @param string $response see the field descriptions above.
535 * @param number $fraction see the field descriptions above.
537 public function __construct($responseclassid, $response, $fraction) {
538 $this->responseclassid = $responseclassid;
539 $this->response = $response;
540 $this->fraction = $fraction;
543 public static function no_response() {
544 return new question_classified_response(null, get_string('noresponse', 'question'), null);
550 * Interface that a {@link question_definition} must implement to be usable by
551 * the various automatic grading behaviours.
553 * @copyright 2009 The Open University
554 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
556 interface question_automatically_gradable extends question_manually_gradable {
558 * Use by many of the behaviours to determine whether the student
559 * has provided enough of an answer for the question to be graded automatically,
560 * or whether it must be considered aborted.
562 * @param array $response responses, as returned by
563 * {@link question_attempt_step::get_qt_data()}.
564 * @return bool whether this response can be graded.
566 public function is_gradable_response(array $response);
569 * In situations where is_gradable_response() returns false, this method
570 * should generate a description of what the problem is.
571 * @return string the message.
573 public function get_validation_error(array $response);
576 * Grade a response to the question, returning a fraction between
577 * get_min_fraction() and get_max_fraction(), and the corresponding {@link question_state}
578 * right, partial or wrong.
579 * @param array $response responses, as returned by
580 * {@link question_attempt_step::get_qt_data()}.
581 * @return array (float, integer) the fraction, and the state.
583 public function grade_response(array $response);
586 * Get one of the question hints. The question_attempt is passed in case
587 * the question type wants to do something complex. For example, the
588 * multiple choice with multiple responses question type will turn off most
589 * of the hint options if the student has selected too many opitions.
590 * @param int $hintnumber Which hint to display. Indexed starting from 0
591 * @param question_attempt $qa The question_attempt.
593 public function get_hint($hintnumber, question_attempt $qa);
596 * Generate a brief, plain-text, summary of the correct answer to this question.
597 * This is used by various reports, and can also be useful when testing.
598 * This method will return null if such a summary is not possible, or
600 * @return string|null a plain text summary of the right answer to this question.
602 public function get_right_answer_summary();
607 * Interface that a {@link question_definition} must implement to be usable by
608 * the interactivecountback behaviour.
610 * @copyright 2010 The Open University
611 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
613 interface question_automatically_gradable_with_countback extends question_automatically_gradable {
615 * Work out a final grade for this attempt, taking into account all the
616 * tries the student made.
617 * @param array $responses the response for each try. Each element of this
618 * array is a response array, as would be passed to {@link grade_response()}.
619 * There may be between 1 and $totaltries responses.
620 * @param int $totaltries The maximum number of tries allowed.
621 * @return numeric the fraction that should be awarded for this
622 * sequence of response.
624 public function compute_final_grade($responses, $totaltries);
629 * This class represents a real question. That is, one that is not a
630 * {@link question_information_item}.
632 * @copyright 2009 The Open University
633 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
635 abstract class question_with_responses extends question_definition
636 implements question_manually_gradable {
637 public function classify_response(array $response) {
644 * This class represents a question that can be graded automatically.
646 * @copyright 2009 The Open University
647 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
649 abstract class question_graded_automatically extends question_with_responses
650 implements question_automatically_gradable {
651 /** @var Some question types have the option to show the number of sub-parts correct. */
652 public $shownumcorrect = false;
654 public function is_gradable_response(array $response) {
655 return $this->is_complete_response($response);
658 public function get_right_answer_summary() {
659 $correctresponse = $this->get_correct_response();
660 if (empty($correctresponse)) {
663 return $this->summarise_response($correctresponse);
667 * Check a request for access to a file belonging to a combined feedback field.
668 * @param question_attempt $qa the question attempt being displayed.
669 * @param question_display_options $options the options that control display of the question.
670 * @param string $filearea the name of the file area.
671 * @return bool whether access to the file should be allowed.
673 protected function check_combined_feedback_file_access($qa, $options, $filearea) {
674 $state = $qa->get_state();
676 if (!$state->is_finished()) {
677 $response = $qa->get_last_qt_data();
678 if (!$this->is_gradable_response($response)) {
681 list($notused, $state) = $this->grade_response($response);
684 return $options->feedback && $state->get_feedback_class() . 'feedback' == $filearea;
688 * Check a request for access to a file belonging to a hint.
689 * @param question_attempt $qa the question attempt being displayed.
690 * @param question_display_options $options the options that control display of the question.
691 * @param array $args the remaining bits of the file path.
692 * @return bool whether access to the file should be allowed.
694 protected function check_hint_file_access($qa, $options, $args) {
695 if (!$options->feedback) {
698 $hint = $qa->get_applicable_hint();
699 $hintid = reset($args); // Itemid is hint id.
700 return $hintid == $hint->id;
703 public function get_hint($hintnumber, question_attempt $qa) {
704 if (!isset($this->hints[$hintnumber])) {
707 return $this->hints[$hintnumber];
710 public function format_hint(question_hint $hint, question_attempt $qa) {
711 return $this->format_text($hint->hint, $hint->hintformat, $qa,
712 'question', 'hint', $hint->id);
718 * This class represents a question that can be graded automatically with
719 * countback grading in interactive mode.
721 * @copyright 2010 The Open University
722 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
724 abstract class question_graded_automatically_with_countback
725 extends question_graded_automatically
726 implements question_automatically_gradable_with_countback {
728 public function make_behaviour(question_attempt $qa, $preferredbehaviour) {
729 if ($preferredbehaviour == 'interactive') {
730 return question_engine::make_behaviour('interactivecountback',
731 $qa, $preferredbehaviour);
733 return question_engine::make_archetypal_behaviour($preferredbehaviour, $qa);
739 * This class represents a question that can be graded automatically by using
740 * a {@link question_grading_strategy}.
742 * @copyright 2009 The Open University
743 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
745 abstract class question_graded_by_strategy extends question_graded_automatically {
746 /** @var question_grading_strategy the strategy to use for grading. */
747 protected $gradingstrategy;
749 /** @param question_grading_strategy $strategy the strategy to use for grading. */
750 public function __construct(question_grading_strategy $strategy) {
751 parent::__construct();
752 $this->gradingstrategy = $strategy;
755 public function get_correct_response() {
756 $answer = $this->get_correct_answer();
761 return array('answer' => $answer->answer);
765 * Get an answer that contains the feedback and fraction that should be
766 * awarded for this resonse.
767 * @param array $response a response.
768 * @return question_answer the matching answer.
770 public function get_matching_answer(array $response) {
771 return $this->gradingstrategy->grade($response);
775 * @return question_answer an answer that contains the a response that would
778 public function get_correct_answer() {
779 return $this->gradingstrategy->get_correct_answer();
782 public function grade_response(array $response) {
783 $answer = $this->get_matching_answer($response);
785 return array($answer->fraction,
786 question_state::graded_state_for_fraction($answer->fraction));
788 return array(0, question_state::$gradedwrong);
792 public function classify_response(array $response) {
793 if (empty($response['answer'])) {
794 return array($this->id => question_classified_response::no_response());
797 $ans = $this->get_matching_answer($response);
799 return array($this->id => new question_classified_response(
800 0, $response['answer'], 0));
803 return array($this->id => new question_classified_response(
804 $ans->id, $response['answer'], $ans->fraction));
810 * Class to represent a question answer, loaded from the question_answers table
813 * @copyright 2009 The Open University
814 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
816 class question_answer {
817 /** @var integer the answer id. */
820 /** @var string the answer. */
823 /** @var integer one of the FORMAT_... constans. */
824 public $answerformat = FORMAT_PLAIN;
826 /** @var number the fraction this answer is worth. */
829 /** @var string the feedback for this answer. */
832 /** @var integer one of the FORMAT_... constans. */
833 public $feedbackformat;
837 * @param int $id the answer.
838 * @param string $answer the answer.
839 * @param number $fraction the fraction this answer is worth.
840 * @param string $feedback the feedback for this answer.
841 * @param int $feedbackformat the format of the feedback.
843 public function __construct($id, $answer, $fraction, $feedback, $feedbackformat) {
845 $this->answer = $answer;
846 $this->fraction = $fraction;
847 $this->feedback = $feedback;
848 $this->feedbackformat = $feedbackformat;
854 * Class to represent a hint associated with a question.
855 * Used by iteractive mode, etc. A question has an array of these.
857 * @copyright 2010 The Open University
858 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
860 class question_hint {
861 /** @var integer The hint id. */
863 /** @var string The feedback hint to be shown. */
865 /** @var integer The corresponding text FORMAT_... type. */
870 * @param int the hint id from the database.
871 * @param string $hint The hint text
872 * @param int the corresponding text FORMAT_... type.
874 public function __construct($id, $hint, $hintformat) {
877 $this->hintformat = $hintformat;
881 * Create a basic hint from a row loaded from the question_hints table in the database.
882 * @param object $row with $row->hint set.
883 * @return question_hint
885 public static function load_from_record($row) {
886 return new question_hint($row->id, $row->hint, $row->hintformat);
890 * Adjust this display options according to the hint settings.
891 * @param question_display_options $options
893 public function adjust_display_options(question_display_options $options) {
900 * An extension of {@link question_hint} for questions like match and multiple
901 * choice with multile answers, where there are options for whether to show the
902 * number of parts right at each stage, and to reset the wrong parts.
904 * @copyright 2010 The Open University
905 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
907 class question_hint_with_parts extends question_hint {
908 /** @var boolean option to show the number of sub-parts of the question that were right. */
909 public $shownumcorrect;
911 /** @var boolean option to clear the parts of the question that were wrong on retry. */
916 * @param int the hint id from the database.
917 * @param string $hint The hint text
918 * @param int the corresponding text FORMAT_... type.
919 * @param bool $shownumcorrect whether the number of right parts should be shown
920 * @param bool $clearwrong whether the wrong parts should be reset.
922 public function __construct($id, $hint, $hintformat, $shownumcorrect, $clearwrong) {
923 parent::__construct($id, $hint, $hintformat);
924 $this->shownumcorrect = $shownumcorrect;
925 $this->clearwrong = $clearwrong;
929 * Create a basic hint from a row loaded from the question_hints table in the database.
930 * @param object $row with $row->hint, ->shownumcorrect and ->clearwrong set.
931 * @return question_hint_with_parts
933 public static function load_from_record($row) {
934 return new question_hint_with_parts($row->id, $row->hint, $row->hintformat,
935 $row->shownumcorrect, $row->clearwrong);
938 public function adjust_display_options(question_display_options $options) {
939 parent::adjust_display_options($options);
940 if ($this->clearwrong) {
941 $options->clearwrong = true;
943 $options->numpartscorrect = $this->shownumcorrect;
949 * This question_grading_strategy interface. Used to share grading code between
950 * questions that that subclass {@link question_graded_by_strategy}.
952 * @copyright 2009 The Open University
953 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
955 interface question_grading_strategy {
957 * Return a question answer that describes the outcome (fraction and feeback)
958 * for a particular respons.
959 * @param array $response the response.
960 * @return question_answer the answer describing the outcome.
962 public function grade(array $response);
965 * @return question_answer an answer that contains the a response that would
968 public function get_correct_answer();
973 * This interface defines the methods that a {@link question_definition} must
974 * implement if it is to be graded by the
975 * {@link question_first_matching_answer_grading_strategy}.
977 * @copyright 2009 The Open University
978 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
980 interface question_response_answer_comparer {
981 /** @return array of {@link question_answers}. */
982 public function get_answers();
985 * @param array $response the response.
986 * @param question_answer $answer an answer.
987 * @return bool whether the response matches the answer.
989 public function compare_response_with_answer(array $response, question_answer $answer);
994 * This grading strategy is used by question types like shortanswer an numerical.
995 * It gets a list of possible answers from the question, and returns the first one
996 * that matches the given response. It returns the first answer with fraction 1.0
997 * when asked for the correct answer.
999 * @copyright 2009 The Open University
1000 * @license http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/gpl.html GNU GPL v3 or later
1002 class question_first_matching_answer_grading_strategy implements question_grading_strategy {
1004 * @var question_response_answer_comparer (presumably also a
1005 * {@link question_definition}) the question we are doing the grading for.
1007 protected $question;
1010 * @param question_response_answer_comparer $question (presumably also a
1011 * {@link question_definition}) the question we are doing the grading for.
1013 public function __construct(question_response_answer_comparer $question) {
1014 $this->question = $question;
1017 public function grade(array $response) {
1018 foreach ($this->question->get_answers() as $aid => $answer) {
1019 if ($this->question->compare_response_with_answer($response, $answer)) {
1027 public function get_correct_answer() {
1028 foreach ($this->question->get_answers() as $answer) {
1029 $state = question_state::graded_state_for_fraction($answer->fraction);
1030 if ($state == question_state::$gradedright) {